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Fourth-generation warfare (4GW) is conflict characterized by a blurring of the lines between war and politics, combatants and civilians. The term was first used in 1989 by a team of American analysts, including William S. Lind, to describe warfare's return to a decentralized form. In terms of generational modern warfare, the fourth generation signifies the nation states' loss of their near-monopoly on combat forces, returning to modes of conflict common in pre-modern times. The simplest definition includes any war in which one of the major participants is not a state but rather a violent non-state actor. Classical examples, such as the slave uprising under Spartacus, predate the modern concept of warfare and are examples of this type of conflict. ==Elements== Fourth-generation warfare is defined as conflicts which involve the following elements: * Are complex and long term * Terrorism (tactic) * A non-national or transnational base – highly decentralized * A direct attack on the enemy's culture, including genocidal acts against civilians. * Highly sophisticated psychological warfare, especially through media manipulation and lawfare * All available pressures are used – political, economic, social and military * Occurs in low intensity conflict, involving actors from all networks * Non-combatants are tactical dilemmas * Lack of hierarchy * Small in size, spread out network of communication and financial support * Use of insurgency and guerrilla tactics 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fourth-generation warfare」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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